YDS Gramer: Conditionals (Koşul Cümleleri)

Koşul Cümleleri (Conditionals) Nedir?

Koşul cümleleri, İngilizce'de bir koşul ve bu koşulun sonucunu ifade eden yapılardır. YDS sınavında en çok çıkan gramer konularından biridir.

Temel yapı:

IF + KOŞUL, SONUÇ

Conditional Tipleri

Type 0 - Zero Conditional (Genel Gerçekler)

Kullanım: Bilimsel gerçekler, doğa kanunları

Yapı: If + Simple Present, Simple Present

Örnekler:

• If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
• If plants don't get water, they die.
• Water freezes if the temperature drops below 0°C.

YDS İpucu: Zero conditional'da her iki cümlede de Simple Present kullanılır.

Type 1 - First Conditional (Gerçek/Olası Durumlar)

Kullanım: Gelecekte gerçekleşmesi muhtemel durumlar

Yapı: If + Simple Present, will + V1

Örnekler:

• If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
• If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
• She will be angry if you don't call her.

Alternatif yapılar:

• If + Present, can/may/might + V1
• If + Present, should/must + V1
• If + Present, imperative

Type 2 - Second Conditional (Hayali/Düşük Olasılık)

Kullanım: Şu an için gerçek olmayan veya olasılığı düşük durumlar

Yapı: If + Simple Past, would + V1

Örnekler:

• If I had a lot of money, I would travel the world.
• If she knew the answer, she would tell us.
• I would buy a house if I earned more money.

Önemli: "If I were..." yapısı (was yerine were) formal İngilizce'de tercih edilir.

• If I were you, I would accept the offer.

Type 3 - Third Conditional (Geçmişte Gerçekleşmemiş)

Kullanım: Geçmişte farklı olabilecek durumlar (pişmanlık, eleştiri)

Yapı: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3

Örnekler:

• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• She would have arrived on time if she had left earlier.
• If they had known about the problem, they would have fixed it.

Sık kullanılan yapılar:

• could have + V3
• might have + V3
• should have + V3

Mixed Conditionals (Karışık Koşul Cümleleri)

Tip 1: Geçmiş koşul → Şimdiki sonuç

If + Past Perfect, would + V1

• If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.

Tip 2: Şimdiki koşul → Geçmiş sonuç

If + Simple Past, would have + V3

• If she spoke English, she would have gotten the job.

YDS'de Sık Çıkan Kalıplar

Unless = If ... not

• Unless you study, you will fail. = If you don't study, you will fail.

Provided (that) / Providing (that)

• I'll help you provided that you help me first.

As long as / So long as

• You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.

On condition that

• He agreed on condition that they paid him in advance.

In case (of)

• Take an umbrella in case it rains.
• In case of fire, use the stairs.

But for = If it weren't for / If it hadn't been for

• But for your help, I would have failed. (= If it hadn't been for your help...)

YDS Örnek Sorular

Soru 1

If the government ____ more in education, the literacy rate would be higher.

A) invested B) invests C) will invest D) had invested E) has invested

Cevap: A) invested (Type 2 - would yapısı var, Simple Past gerekli)

Soru 2

If scientists ____ a cure for cancer, millions of lives would have been saved.

A) found B) find C) had found D) would find E) have found

Cevap: C) had found (Type 3 - would have been saved var, Past Perfect gerekli)

Soru 3

____ the accident, he would be playing football now.

A) Unless B) But for C) In case of D) As long as E) Provided that

Cevap: B) But for (Mixed conditional - geçmiş koşul, şimdiki sonuç)

Özet Tablo

Pratik Yapın

LearnEnglish uygulamasında:

• Conditional kalıpları içeren kelime kartları
• Gramer odaklı alıştırmalar
• YDS formatında sorular

bulabilirsiniz. Uygulamayı indirin ve pratik yapmaya başlayın!